There was this thread in 2005...
I contacted Chris Wyles late last month asking for the circuit diagram and he responded: I have no idea of your electronics knowledge or background, but there are two basic ways to achieve a low fuel warning light.
The first is simply to use an op-amp comparator. If this means nothing to you, I fear that sending you the circuit won’t help. If it does, then you shouldn’t need a drawing as all one needs to do is to input the fuel sender voltage to one side of the comparator and set the voltage on the comparator’s other input (with an amplified diode arrangement) to that voltage (which you can measure at the sender) when the tank is low enough to be at what you would call “low fuel”.
The only disadvantage of this circuit is that the low fuel light will flash around a bit (as the fuel sloshes around) when the tank is getting low. One could add a monostable to stop most of this and reduce the flashing on the boundary of the low fuel point.
The better way, IMHO, using far fewer components but requiring programming knowledge, is to program a microcontroller with your own software which can sample the sender voltage, wait for say 2 or 3 minutes, and then sample the sender voltage again. If both readings are low, the low fuel warning illuminates. If not, it was just sloshing around and getting low but not actually low enough yet.
I have appended a diagram below showing the basic circuit for the first method. I have no idea what the actual sender voltage will be at low fuel, however the sender voltage increases as the fuel decreases (at least it did on my Caterham)
I didn’t put them on the drawing, but add a 100nF and a 470uF (25v) capacitor in parallel at the battery input to the circuit and put a 100nF across the op amp’s supply terminals close to the op amp. That should kill any ignition interference.
As this is a fairly basic circuit, the battery voltage will affect it so there will be a different result for when the engine’s on or off, owing to the alternator’s having a higher voltage than the battery itself. However…… so long as you tweak the “low fuel” lamp level when the engine’s running, that will be accurate. When the engine’s OFF, but the ignition ON, the sender input will be lower (owing to lower battery voltage), which the circuit will interpret as a higher fuel level. The reference voltage will be unaffected by battery voltage.
It wouldn’t be difficult to make it all independent of battery voltage, but frankly, I’m not sure it’s worth the extra complexity on the Caterham.
circuit diagram
I've bought the bits (Maplin stock the necessary) but have yet to make up the circuit.